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Open Access Article

1 - Formation of International Cooperation in Confrontation with Terrorism: Strategies, Opportunities and Challenges
Reza سيمبر

20.1001.1.20085796.1399.0.2.1.4

This article emphasizes the idea of global cooperation for confronting the phenomenon of international terrorism and it also argues that the failure to reach a consensus over the definition of terrorism is the main obstacle for overcoming this problem in global level. T More

This article emphasizes the idea of global cooperation for confronting the phenomenon of international terrorism and it also argues that the failure to reach a consensus over the definition of terrorism is the main obstacle for overcoming this problem in global level. This article also argues that a more effective role can be taken by the United Nations and international law to confront terrorism. The United Nations should fight poverty, inefficient governments and underdevelopment, whether or not these issues are related to the terrorism phenomenon. In confrontation with terrorism, the United Nations should show terrorist acts as undesirable and detestable as possible, so that there would be less motivation for committing such acts. In other words, the crucial question posed here is: what are the main strategies of the international community for confronting international terrorism? The article argues that these two strategies can complement each other and pave the way for more international cooperations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Globalization and Post- Westphalian Governance, a Focus on the Stances of the Islamic Republic of Iran
شهروز ابراهيمي

The subject matter of the present article is the interaction of national sovereignty with the transnational one in the context of globalization. This study shows that, national sovereignty is not threatened by globalization in itself. Rather, it, maintening its identi More

The subject matter of the present article is the interaction of national sovereignty with the transnational one in the context of globalization. This study shows that, national sovereignty is not threatened by globalization in itself. Rather, it, maintening its identity, acquires a global identity, so they can coexist with each other. Globalization does not take place merely from above, but there is a new form known as "globalization from below" which lessens the pressures of "globalization from above". Interactive view of the Islamic Republic of Iran can have such influence, and can lessen the pressures of globalization, and positively contribute to transnational sovereignty. Examples of such a view are "dialogue of civilizations", and "public diplomacy". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Modern State, National Army, and Conscription
Vhid sinaee

National armies, and conscription are institutions that established by nation-state. Because the state’s claim on exclusive dominatation over and the legitimate use of force in a specific territory required formation of military institutions, i.e. national army, and co More

National armies, and conscription are institutions that established by nation-state. Because the state’s claim on exclusive dominatation over and the legitimate use of force in a specific territory required formation of military institutions, i.e. national army, and conscription. This link was established through the legal- theoretical foundations of the state, i.e. national sovereignty, and nationalism. In this context, nation served as a source of human forces to military organizations, and conscription, which in turn helped strengthen and stabilize the modern state. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Television and National Identity: Representation of Historical and Political Features of National Identity in The ‘A’ grade Historical Serials on Television during Three Decades after the Islamic Revelation of Iran
Mansour Sa'i

The main objective of the present article is to study the frequency and ways of representing features of national identity in A grade historical serials on television during the three decades after the Islamic Revolution (1359-1388). 15 ‘A’ grade historical serials, out More

The main objective of the present article is to study the frequency and ways of representing features of national identity in A grade historical serials on television during the three decades after the Islamic Revolution (1359-1388). 15 ‘A’ grade historical serials, out of 50, produced and broadcasted through channels One and Two during the last three decades (5 serials per decade) were analised. The findings of the study shows that under the influence of media and culture policies, the representation of features of national identity has got an ideological status. Linguistic and imagery construction of TV in representing historical and political dimensions is based on creating a negative picture of Iranian historical and political heritage, neglecting national symbols such as national flag and anthem, and taking positive attitude towards historical figures of religious status. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Crisis in Nation- State and its Possible Future
ایوب امیرکواسمی

The current upheavals suggest that nation-state has lost its functional tenability; that is because the supposed basic functions of such systems that were maintenance of ideology, economics, culture, and so on at the national level are facing crises. Nation-state can no More

The current upheavals suggest that nation-state has lost its functional tenability; that is because the supposed basic functions of such systems that were maintenance of ideology, economics, culture, and so on at the national level are facing crises. Nation-state can no longer fully implement their political ideals at national areas. In the functionalist approach, the existence of institutions depends on their functions, so with no place for their functions, the survival of nation-state will be unintelligible .The principle objective of this paper is to study a possible future of nation-states and their successors. The method of the study is reasoning. The results of this paper include two important points: the development of statehood and the formation of global political order based on democracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Explanation of Political and Rational Requirements for National Unity In Imam Khomeini's Thought

In Imam Khomeini's thoughts and attitudes thatget startedfrommonotheistic religion of Islam, believers are a singleummah and,too, they need to a singlereligious, political and practicalorientation, based on the requirements and with regard to their common destiny within More

In Imam Khomeini's thoughts and attitudes thatget startedfrommonotheistic religion of Islam, believers are a singleummah and,too, they need to a singlereligious, political and practicalorientation, based on the requirements and with regard to their common destiny within the credit geographical and national boundaries for the realization of the their sovereignty. They can achieve the caliphate of God on earth with this orientation and with Etesami to Hablallah. Therefore, in this article, we examine what arepolitical and rationalfoundations in the views of Imam Khomeini about national unity. The analytical study of the ideas of Imam Khomeini (RA), show to our until find that the issue of national unity as well as other forms of unity and solidarity based on political exigencies and environmental requirements is a necessity: the necessity thatit is based on both of rational arguments and evidence and religious arguments.As a result, Imam Khomeini hastwo-dimensional look - intellectual and revelation - to the cause of unity.But what are discussed in this paperare the reasons and political arguments of national unity and solidarity in the thought of the founder ofIslamic Republic of Iran.Imam Khomeini emphasized on: rational evident of unity, the demand of political reason, the common enemy, the development of cultural, political and social principles of maintenance of the Islamic Revolution and its values and Finally, national unity is the plan as a strategy to achieve freedom, liberation and victory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Explanation of the ratio between social gap and national unity in Iran

Maintaining and strengthening national unity and integrity is one of the most important priorities of all political systems, because increasing the correlation coefficient can lead to reducing internal and external threats and providing good grounds for development and More

Maintaining and strengthening national unity and integrity is one of the most important priorities of all political systems, because increasing the correlation coefficient can lead to reducing internal and external threats and providing good grounds for development and progress of the country. Iran is one of the countries that by relying on its historical background and civilization can overcome on the divergence challenges, throughout centuries. So despite, the occupation of this country and abstraction of some parts of vast territory by aliens at some historical sections, in recent decades,it continued to be a powerful and independent political unit with pervasive sovereignty. National unity and solidarity have been more exposed to domestic challenges and external threats and among them, the most important domestic challenge is the activation of some social gaps at some profiles of time. This article inevitably focuses on the role of external threats in weakening national unity on domestic factors and tries to investigate the ratio of four major social gap in Iran (generation gap, gender, ethnic and religious gap)with different dimensions of national unity ( religious, territorial, political, cultural, social dimensions). The used method in this article is secondary analysis method of research findings and studied period is between 2001-2011. The obtained results show that in this time period, there is no serious disagreement between two ends of spectrums oriented to social gaps about the various aspects of national unity and national convergence in Iran has benefited from a good level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Feasibility of Adapting the Hegel's Desirable State with the Doctrines of Modern Totalitarian States
Mohammad Abedi Ardakani seyyed ali asghar baghrinejad

Some states were established, in the twentieth century, which are characterized by the title of “Totalitarian”. They consist of a wide range including conservatives, fascist radical right-wingers and communist radical left-wingers. The nature and behavioral style of the More

Some states were established, in the twentieth century, which are characterized by the title of “Totalitarian”. They consist of a wide range including conservatives, fascist radical right-wingers and communist radical left-wingers. The nature and behavioral style of these governments are manifest in their doctrines or policies which are more or less rooted in the past. Hence, some thinkers like Karl Popper and Schopenhauer contain that Hegel was one of the philosophers whose trace of thought can be seen in these doctrines. Now, the main purpose of this article is to clarify the validity of this claim by adapting the most important features of Hegel's theory of state with the doctrines of the totalitarian states of the twentieth century, mainly from Nazi or fascist type in Germany and Italy between the two world wars. For this reason, the main question of the present study is: “has Hegel theorized about his desired state in a way that is consistent with the doctrines of the twentieth-century totalitarian states?” The findings of this study suggest that, although it is possible that notions may be found in Hegel's thoughts that are misunderstood or misused by totalitarian states, but overall, what Hegel has proposed about the state and its features is entirely different from the doctrines of the totalitarian states of the twentieth century. This study is descriptive-analytic with a documentary-historical approach and collecting the appropriate data for analysis is done in a library-based way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Factors and barriers affecting the Rolling of civic Ethical Politics from Theory to Practice: about the Possibility of Establishing a Moral Politics based on the Philosophy of Levinas and the Experience of Mossadegh
حسین مصباحیان

20.1001.1.20085796.1399.12.28.10.1

This article seeks to shed light on the question of what is moral politics and what is its place in the political and moral thought of our time? The article argues that the separation between the two realms of politics and ethics, which Machiavelli has largely proposed, More

This article seeks to shed light on the question of what is moral politics and what is its place in the political and moral thought of our time? The article argues that the separation between the two realms of politics and ethics, which Machiavelli has largely proposed, may and should be considered a positive achievement for both, but the simple, classical, and absolute form of this separation isn’t defensible in our contemporary political and moral thought. For this reason, this article, based on the teachings of one of the most important philosophers of ethics, "Emmanuel Levinas", has tried to help strengthen the theory called "Ethical politics" and by defining ethics as the first philosophy and politics as an instrument to actualize the foundational ethical “Hospitality”, find a way to link ethics as teleology of peace and politics as its practical agent. The second part of the paper extracts and clarifies Mohammad Mossadegh’s notion of “the relationship between ethics and politics”—which serves as the foundation and source of his political activities—from his letters, memoirs, lectures and treatises. A presumption of this paper is that Mossadegh had developed a project within the political sphere which can be deemed as ethical in certain respects. I argue that this project can in turn be interpreted as an indication of the unity between the ethical and political spheres in Mossadegh’s thought. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Critique of Homayoun Katozian's view of "Iranian tyranny"
Abdolrahman Hassanifar

20.1001.1.20085796.1400.13.29.9.9

One of the common theories focused on politics, society, and state in Iran is the "theory of despotism". Many Iranian and non-Iranian thinkers have commented and even theorized about why and how the emergence, formation, and continuation of "despotism" in Iran. Mohammad More

One of the common theories focused on politics, society, and state in Iran is the "theory of despotism". Many Iranian and non-Iranian thinkers have commented and even theorized about why and how the emergence, formation, and continuation of "despotism" in Iran. Mohammad Ali (Homayoun) Katozian is one of the Iranian scholars who have proposed the view of "despotism" on the history of Iran. In Katouzian's view, Iranian society and state have historically been in a cycle of "despotism, chaos, chaos, and despotism". In this view, Iranian society has always been either plagued by despotism or by chaos, conflict, and strife. Katozian's view emphasizes the comprehensive impact of authoritarian political power on other dimensions of society. The question is whether Katozian's view of Iranian despotism is a result of the whole of Iranian history? The findings indicate that Katozian's view is not relevant to the entire history of Iran and this article examines this discrepancy. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Psychology of Egyptian Nationalism Based on the Discourse Analysis of "Yousef Shahin" Autobiographical Films
Naeem Sherafat Valiollah Barzegar Klishomi Mohammad Reza Jalali Seyed Abdul Amir Nabavi

20.1001.1.20085796.1400.16.30.3.4

This article, by accepting the hypothesis of confusion of the soul and mind of the Arab intellect in the nationalist revolutions of the Arab countries, seeks to analyze the behaviors and actions of the Arab nationalist man in the face of others in the revolutionary disc More

This article, by accepting the hypothesis of confusion of the soul and mind of the Arab intellect in the nationalist revolutions of the Arab countries, seeks to analyze the behaviors and actions of the Arab nationalist man in the face of others in the revolutionary discourse of Nasserism. Arab nationalism in the four autobiographical films of Egyptian director Youssef Shahin Based on the method of discourse analysis and in the theoretical framework of Jacques Lacan's subject psychology. The young revolutionary intellectual of Egypt in the 1950s and 1960s is attracted to the signifiers of the discourse of Nassirist nationalism due to ideological and identical cleavages resulting from centuries of domination by transnational and proxy systems; A discourse that was initially thought of as an infinite matter (reality) and the manifestation of the utopia and the place of realization of the repressed desires of the Arab man (subject), but over time, the contradictions between the slogan and practice in the mentioned discourse became known to all and as a Discourse and the imposed (symbolic dimension) were forcibly accepted by the emerging dictatorship of Arab nationalism. The young revolutionary intellectual who was once fascinated by this discourse, after seeing the defeat and humiliation of Arab nationalism in the war with Israel and the financial and moral scandal of its commanders, suffers a lot of pain and longing (jouissance). But, because of their fascination with this discourse, hides them and after a while, like his father (Nasserist discourse), he experiences a similar tyranny. The main question of this article is why the behavior of the Egyptian revolutionary intellectuals changed from freedom-seeking to tyranny? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Emergence of a New Concept of Homeland in Iran during the Age of Renewal (19th Century C.E.) (Case Study: The Political Thought of Mirza Malkam Khan Nazem al-Dowleh)
mehdi rouzkhosh Ahmad khaleghi dameghani

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and artificial intelligence.   The Emergence of a New Concept of Homeland in Iran during the Age of Renewal (19th Century C.E.)   (Case Study: The Political Thought of Mirza Malkam Khan Nazem al-Dowleh)       Mehdi Roozkhosh<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>    Ahmad Khaleghi Damghani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">** </a>       This paper aims to investigate the formation of a new concept of homeland in the political thought of one of the most prominent Iranian intellectuals of the nineteenth century, Mirza Malkam Khan Nazem al-Dowleh. The data was collected through documentary and library methods, and analyzed using content analysis approach, which is a recognized qualitative method for text analysis in many humanities studies, including intellectual history studies. However, considering the research topic, the analytical framework of Quentin Skinner was selected for examining the political ideas that explore the views of intellectuals in relation to the "issue" of the historical era. This research indicated that the new concept of homeland in 19th century Iran emerged in response to the "progress" issue. Iranian intellectuals of the 19th century saw the establishment of a modern nation-state as a way for Iran to overcome underdevelopment. Since the concepts of state, nation, and homeland (country) are interconnected in the new political thought, one of the key requirements for establishing a national state was to redefine homeland as a common property of the nation, replacing the traditional narrative that considered the homeland as the property of the king. Due to the lack of supportive legal traditions in Iran, this was particularly significant. The need for laws to establish an independent sovereignty to strengthen the new concept of homeland required legislation, which Mirza Malkam Khan pursued with his proposal for regulatory laws to establish a modern bureaucracy, laying the theoretical foundation for it in Iran. His efforts to establish a "regulated absolute government" represent the first legal interpretation of the new concept of homeland in modern Iran. The concept of "regulations" in Malkam Khan's political thought, more than any other concept, illustrates the endeavor to establish this system. Emphasizing the organization of the bureaucratic system as a necessary condition for advancing the homeland over prioritizing nation-building in the formation of the modern concept of homeland by him signifies his commitment to progress in the state-building process.       Keywords: Progress, Homeland, State, Nation, Regulations.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Corresponding Author: Ph.D in Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University of Iran. roozkhosh.mehdi@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran. drkhaleghi@ut.ac.ir </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Paradigmatic Shifts and the Emergence of the Modern Western Nation-State
Saeed Attar Mohammad kamalizadeh

In this research, we aim to trace the various paths that ultimately led to the emergence of the modern nation-state and its implications in contemporary political structures worldwide. What we now recognize as the modern nation-state, which continues to exist in various More

In this research, we aim to trace the various paths that ultimately led to the emergence of the modern nation-state and its implications in contemporary political structures worldwide. What we now recognize as the modern nation-state, which continues to exist in various forms of political systems, has its roots in ancient and gradual transformations in the West (Europe). These developments can be depicted as a paradigmatic narrative of the dialectic of needs and responses. This narrative begins with ancient Greece and its devotion to rationality and freedom, and continues along different paths, on the one hand, with modern evangelical traditions and the exploration of Roman legal structures, and on the other hand, by passing through historical, social, political, and economic contexts, the great Western powers (England, France, Germany, and the United States) have pursued different paths towards the emergence of the modern state. In retracing these various paths, we have utilized Kuhn's paradigmatic approach. Manuscript profile

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